an eagerness for

ăvĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [avidus], an eagerness for something (either lawful or unlawful), avidity, longing, vehement desire.

In gen.:

habeo senectuti magnam gratiam, quae mihi sermonis aviditatem auxit, potionis et cibi sustulit,

Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

aviditas legendi,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 7:

suscipere verbum cum omni aviditate,

Vulg. Act. 17, 11:

gloriae,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16:

pecuniae,

id. Part. Or. 6, 1:

rapiendi per occasionem triumphi,

Liv. 31, 48, 2:

imperandi,

Tac. H. 1, 52:

vini,

Suet. Tib. 42 al.:

ad cibos,

Plin. 20, 16, 65, § 173.—In plur.:

bestiolarum aviditates,

Plin. 11, 6, 5, § 15:

feminarum,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 227.—

Esp.

Eagerness for money, covetousness, avarice:

Inhaeret etiam aviditas, desidia, injuria, etc.,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 29:

(justitia) eas res spernit et neglegit, ad quas plerique inflammati aviditate rapiuntur,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38:

utrumque incredibile est, et Roscium quicquam per aviditatem appetīsse et Fannium quicquam per bonitatem amisisse,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21 (B. and K., avaritiam).—

Eagerness in eating, appetite:

lactuca in cibis aviditatem incitat inhibetque eadem,

Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 64; so,

aviditatem excitare,

id. 23, 1, 7, § 12:

facere,

id. 23, 8, 75, § 144; Vulg. Eccli. 37, 33.

* * *

ăvārĭtĭa, ae, f. [avarus], a greedy desire for possessions, greediness, avarice, covetousness (opp. abstinentia, Suet. Dom. 9;

periphrastically, pecuniae cupiditas,

id. Vesp. 16; syn.: aviditas, cupido).

Lit.:

Est autem avaritia opinatio vehemens de pecuniā, quasi valde expetenda sit, inhaerens et penitus insita,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 11, 26: avaritia est injuriosa appetitio alienorum, Auct. ad Her. 4, 25:

avaritiam si tollere voltis, mater ejus est tollenda luxuries,

Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 171:

avaritia hians et imminens,

a gaping and eager avarice, id. Verr. 2, 2, 54:

pueris talorum nucumque avaritia est: viris auri argentique et urbium,

Sen. Const. 12:

avaritiae (sc. nimiae parsimoniae) singulos increpans,

Suet. Calig. 39 et saep.—In plur.:

omnes avaritiae,

every kind of selfishness, Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75. —

Transf., of eagerness for food, gluttony:

Quam siquis avidus poscit escam avariter, Decipitur in transennā avaritia sua,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 13.— Trop.: avaritia gloriae, eager desire for renown or glory, Curt. 9, 2.

* * *

* * *

• We are all led on by our eagerness for praise. (Cicero)

* * *

ănhēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. anand halo].

Pr., to move about for breath; hence, to draw the breath with great difficulty, to pant, puff, gasp, etc.:

anhelat inconstanter,

Lucr. 3, 490:

cum languida anhelant,

id. 4, 864: * Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 25: anhelans ex imis pulmonibus prae curā spiritus ducebatur, Auct. ad Her. 4, 33:

anhelans Colla fovet,

Verg. A. 10, 837; 5, 254 al.:

nullus anhelabat sub adunco vomere taurus,

Ov. F. 2, 295:

sudare atque anhelare,

Col. 2, 3, 2.— In gen., to breathe (cf. anhelitus, II.), Prud. Apoth. 919.—

Metaph., of fire:

fornacibus ignis anhelat,

roars, Verg. A. 8, 421.—Of the earth:

subter anhelat humus,

heaves, Stat. S. 1, 1, 56.—Of the foaming of the sea, Sil. 9, 286.— Trop., of poverty panting for something:

anhelans inopia,

Just. 9, 1, 6.—

Verb. act., to breathe out, to emit by breathing, breathe forth, exhale:

nolo verba exiliter exanimata exire, nolo inflata et quasi anhelata gravius,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 38: de pectore frigus anhelans Capricornus, vet. poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 44:

anhelati ignes,

Ov. F. 4, 492; so id. H. 12, 15:

rabiem anhelare,

Luc. 6, 92:

anhelatis exsurgens ictibus alnus,

the strokes of the oars made with panting, Sil. 14, 379.— Trop., to pursue, pant for, strive after something with eagerness:

Catilinam furentem audaciā, scelus anhelantem,

breathing out wickedness, Cic. Cat. 2, 1: anhelans ex imo pectore crudelitatem, Auct. ad Her. 4, 55.

II. p. 564, regard the prefix of this word as the Gr. ana; hence, pr. to draw up the breath; cf. antestor.

stŭdĭum, ii, n. [studeo], a busying one's self about or application to a thing; assiduity, zeal, eagerness, fondness, inclination, desire, exertion, endeavor, study: stu [p. 1769] dium est animi assidua et vehemens ad aliquam rem applicata magnā cum voluntate occupatio, ut philosophiae, poëticae, geometriae, litterarum, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36.—

In gen.

Absol., Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 900 P. (Praecepta, v. 4 Vahl.):

tantum studium tamque multam operam in aliquā re ponere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 1:

aliquid curare studio maximo,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 45:

aliquem retrahere ab studio,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 2; cf. id. ib. 18:

studium semper assit, cunctatio absit,

Cic. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid summo studio curāque discere,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 3; so (with cura, industria, labor, diligentia, etc.) id. ib. 2, 6, 3;

10, 1, 3: alacritate ac studio uti,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

studio incendi,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:

suo quisque studio maxime ducitur,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 5; cf.:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; Sall. C. 3, 3:

sunt pueritiae certa studia, sunt ineuntis adulescentiae... sunt extrema quaedam studia senectutis,

Cic. Sen. 20, 76 et saep.:

non studio accusare sed officio defendere,

with zeal, from inclination, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91; cf.:

laedere gaudes, et hoc studio pravus facis,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 79.—In late Lat. studio often means simply voluntarily, on purpose, intentionally:

non studio sed fortuitu,

Dig. 40, 5, 13.—

With gen.: studiumque iteris reprime, Att. ap. Non. 485, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 627 Rib.):

in pugnae studio quod dedita mens est,

Lucr. 3, 647:

Carthaginienses ad studium fallendi studio quaestus vocabantur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

efferor studio patres vestros videndi,

id. Sen. 23, 83:

quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid atque discendi?

id. Lael. 27, 104; so,

discendi,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 22, 36 al.:

doctrinae,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; id. Balb. 1, 3:

dicendi,

id. de Or. 2, 1, 1:

scribendi,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

nandi,

Tac. H. 4, 12:

scribendi,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 5: vitae studium, way of life, Afran. ap. Non. 498, 15:

studium armorum a manibus ad oculos translatum,

Plin. Pan. 13, 5.—

With ad (usu. to avoid multiplying genitives):

ea res studia hominum adcendit ad consulatum mandandum Ciceroni,

Sall. C. 23, 5:

studium ad frugalitatem multitudines provocavit,

Just. 20, 4, 7.—

In partic.

Zeal for any one; good-will, affection, attachment, devotion, favor, kindness, etc. (cf.:

officium, favor): tibi profiteor atque polliceor eximium et singulare meum studium in omni genere officii,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

studium et favor,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 29; Suet. Vit. 15:

studio ac suffragio suo viam sibi ad beneficium impetrandum munire,

Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:

Pompeius significat studium erga me non mediocre,

id. Att. 2, 19, 4:

suum infelix erga populum Romanum studium,

Liv. 3, 56, 9; cf.:

omne suum erga meam dignitatem studium,

Cic. Dom. 56, 142:

studium in aliquem habere,

id. Inv. 2, 34, 104:

Gaditani ab omni studio sensuque Poenorum mentes suas ad nostrum imperium nomenque flexerunt,

id. Balb. 17, 39:

studium suum in rempublicam,

Sall. C. 49, 5:

studium in populum Romanum,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

studiis odiisque carens,

Luc. 2, 377:

putabatur et Marius studia volgi amissurus,

Sall. J. 84, 3:

aliquid studio partium facere,

party spirit, partisanship, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 35:

for which simply studium: quo minus cupiditatis ac studii visa est oratio habere, eo plus auctoritatis habuit,

Liv. 24, 28:

senatus, in quo ipso erant studia,

party efforts, Tac. A. 14, 42:

ultio senatum in studia diduxerat,

id. H. 4, 6.—

Application to learning or studying, study; in the plur., studies (very freq.; also in Cic.; cf.:

studeo and studiosus): pabulum studii atque doctrinae,

Cic. Sen. 14, 49:

(eum) non solum naturā et moribus, verum etiam studio et doctrinā esse sapientem,

id. Lael. 2, 6:

semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines et tua ista studia placuerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:

studia exercere,

id. Fam. 9, 8, 2:

studia Graecorum,

id. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

illum se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis dedisse,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

relinque te studiis,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 7:

studia ad voluptatem exercere,

id. ib. 6, 8, 6:

famam ex studiis petere,

id. ib. 6, 11, 3; Tac. A. 16, 4; Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 18 (36), 1: studia graviora iracundis omittenda sunt, id. Ira, 3, 9, 1; cf.:

studiis annos septem dedit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 82:

si non Intendes animum studiis,

id. ib. 1, 2, 36: o seri studiorum! i. e. opsimatheis, id. S. 1, 10, 21.—Hence,

Transf.

The fruits of study, works (post-class.):

flagitante vulgo ut omnia sua studia publicaret,

Tac. A. 16, 4.—

A place for study, a study, school (late Lat.):

philosophum (se egit) in omnibus studiis, templis, locis,

Capitol. M. Aurel. 26; Cod. Th. 14, 9, 3.

as-sector ( ads-, Kayser, Halm, K. and H.), ātus, 1, v. dep. a.

To attend one with zeal, eagerness, etc., to accompany, follow, wait upon, be in attendance upon (esp. of the friends of candidates for office): cum aedilitatem P. Crassus peteret, eumque major natu, etiam consularis, Ser. Galba adsectaretur, * Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

studia adulescentulorum in suffragando, in adsectando mirifice et magna et honesta sunt,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 8 fin.:

cum adsectaretur: Num quid vis? occupo,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 6:

omnis inferioris Germaniae miles Valentem adsectabatur,

Tac. H. 2, 93 fin.; id. A. 6, 19; id. Or. 2:

cum celebritatem adsectarentur adulescentium scholae,

Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152; Suet. Caes. 19.—

In jurid. Lat.: feminam, to follow a woman (considered as a wrong), Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 22.

► Pass.: adsectari se omnes cupiunt: adsectari passive, akoloutheisthai, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.

as-sector ( ads-, Kayser, Halm, K. and H.), ātus, 1, v. dep. a.

To attend one with zeal, eagerness, etc., to accompany, follow, wait upon, be in attendance upon (esp. of the friends of candidates for office): cum aedilitatem P. Crassus peteret, eumque major natu, etiam consularis, Ser. Galba adsectaretur, * Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

studia adulescentulorum in suffragando, in adsectando mirifice et magna et honesta sunt,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 8 fin.:

cum adsectaretur: Num quid vis? occupo,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 6:

omnis inferioris Germaniae miles Valentem adsectabatur,

Tac. H. 2, 93 fin.; id. A. 6, 19; id. Or. 2:

cum celebritatem adsectarentur adulescentium scholae,

Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152; Suet. Caes. 19.—

In jurid. Lat.: feminam, to follow a woman (considered as a wrong), Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 22.

► Pass.: adsectari se omnes cupiunt: adsectari passive, akoloutheisthai, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.